SQL BETWEEN 操作符
BETWEEN 操作符用于选取介于两个值之间的范围内的值。这些值可以是数值、文本或者日期。
1. BETWEEN 语法
演示数据库
在本教程中,我们将使用 CodeBaoku 样本数据库。
下面是选自 "Websites" 表的数据:
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA | | 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN | | 3 | 编程教程 | http://www.aizws.net/ | 4689 | CN | | 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN | | 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA | | 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
2. BETWEEN 范例
下面的 SQL 语句选取 alexa 介于 1 和 20 之间的所有网站:
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE alexa BETWEEN 1 AND 20; 执行结果: +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA | | 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN | | 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN | | 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
3. NOT BETWEEN 范例
如需显示不在上面范例范围内的网站,请使用 NOT BETWEEN:
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE alexa NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 20; 执行结果: +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 3 | 编程教程 | http://www.aizws.net/ | 4689 | CN | | 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
4. 带有 IN 的 BETWEEN 范例
下面的 SQL 语句选取 alexa 介于 1 和 20 之间但 country 不为 USA 和 IND 的所有网站:
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE (alexa BETWEEN 1 AND 20) AND country NOT IN ('USA', 'IND'); 执行结果: +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN | | 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
5. 带有文本值的 BETWEEN 范例
下面的 SQL 语句选取 name 以介于 'A' 和 'H' 之间字母开始的所有网站:
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE name BETWEEN 'A' AND 'H'; 执行结果: +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA | | 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
6. 带有文本值的 NOT BETWEEN 范例
下面的 SQL 语句选取 name 不介于 'A' 和 'H' 之间字母开始的所有网站:
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE name NOT BETWEEN 'A' AND 'H'; 执行结果: +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN | | 3 | 编程教程 | http://www.aizws.net/ | 4689 | CN | | 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN | | 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
7. 带有日期值的 BETWEEN 范例
下面是 "access_log" 网站访问记录表的样本表,其中:
SELECT * FROM access_log; 执行结果: +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | aid | site_id | count | date | +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 | | 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 | | 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 | | 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 | | 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 | | 6 | 4 | 13 | 2016-05-15 | | 7 | 3 | 220 | 2016-05-15 | | 8 | 5 | 545 | 2016-05-16 | | 9 | 3 | 201 | 2016-05-17 | +-----+---------+-------+------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
下面的 SQL 语句选取 date 介于 '2016-05-10' 和 '2016-05-14' 之间的所有访问记录:
SELECT * FROM access_log WHERE date BETWEEN '2016-05-10' AND '2016-05-14'; 执行结果: +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | aid | site_id | count | date | +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 | | 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 | | 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 | | 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 | | 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 | +-----+---------+-------+------------+
请注意,在不同的数据库中,BETWEEN 操作符会产生不同的结果!在某些数据库中,BETWEEN 选取介于两个值之间但不包括两个测试值的字段。在某些数据库中,BETWEEN 选取介于两个值之间且包括两个测试值的字段。在某些数据库中,BETWEEN 选取介于两个值之间且包括第一个测试值但不包括最后一个测试值的字段。 因此,请检查您的数据库是如何处理 BETWEEN 操作符! |
下一章:SQL 别名
在 SQL 语句中,可以为表名称或列名称指定别名。创建列的别名主要是为了让列名称的可读性更强。创建表的别名可以使表名变得更简短。SQL 别名语法:SELECT column_name AS alias_name FROM table_name。