PostgreSQL 时间/日期函数

1. 日期/时间操作符

下表演示了基本算术操作符的行为(+,*, 等):

操作符例子结果
+ date '2001-09-28' + integer '7'date '2001-10-05'
+ date '2001-09-28' + interval '1 hour'timestamp '2001-09-28 01:00:00'
+ date '2001-09-28' + time '03:00'timestamp '2001-09-28 03:00:00'
+ interval '1 day' + interval '1 hour'interval '1 day 01:00:00'
+ timestamp '2001-09-28 01:00' + interval '23 hours'timestamp '2001-09-29 00:00:00'
+ time '01:00' + interval '3 hours'time '04:00:00'
- - interval '23 hours'interval '-23:00:00'
- date '2001-10-01' - date '2001-09-28'integer '3' (days)
- date '2001-10-01' - integer '7'date '2001-09-24'
- date '2001-09-28' - interval '1 hour'timestamp '2001-09-27 23:00:00'
- time '05:00' - time '03:00'interval '02:00:00'
- time '05:00' - interval '2 hours'time '03:00:00'
- timestamp '2001-09-28 23:00' - interval '23 hours'timestamp '2001-09-28 00:00:00'
- interval '1 day' - interval '1 hour'interval '1 day -01:00:00'
- timestamp '2001-09-29 03:00' - timestamp '2001-09-27 12:00'interval '1 day 15:00:00'
* 900 * interval '1 second'interval '00:15:00'
* 21 * interval '1 day'interval '21 days'
* double precision '3.5' * interval '1 hour'interval '03:30:00'
/ interval '1 hour' / double precision '1.5'interval '00:40:00'

2. 日期/时间函数

函数返回类型描述例子结果
age(timestamp, timestamp) interval减去参数后的"符号化"结果,使用年和月,不只是使用天age(timestamp '2001-04-10', timestamp '1957-06-13')43 years 9 mons 27 days
age(timestamp)intervalcurrent_date减去参数后的结果(在午夜)age(timestamp '1957-06-13')43 years 8 mons 3 days
clock_timestamp() timestamp with time zone实时时钟的当前时间戳(在语句执行时变化)   
current_date date当前的日期;   
current_time time with time zone当日时间;   
current_timestamp timestamp with time zone当前事务开始时的时间戳;   
date_part(text, timestamp) double precision获取子域(等效于extract); date_part('hour', timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40')20
date_part(text, interval)double precision获取子域(等效于extract); date_part('month', interval '2 years 3 months')3
date_trunc(text, timestamp) timestamp截断成指定的精度; date_trunc('hour', timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40')2001-02-16 20:00:00
date_trunc(text, interval)interval截取指定的精度, date_trunc('hour', interval '2 days 3 hours 40 minutes')2 days 03:00:00
extract(field from timestamp) double precision获取子域; extract(hour from timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40')20
extract(field from interval)double precision获取子域; extract(month from interval '2 years 3 months')3
isfinite(date) boolean测试是否为有穷日期(不是 +/-无穷)isfinite(date '2001-02-16')true
isfinite(timestamp)boolean测试是否为有穷时间戳(不是 +/-无穷)isfinite(timestamp '2001-02-16 21:28:30')true
isfinite(interval)boolean测试是否为有穷时间间隔isfinite(interval '4 hours')true
justify_days(interval) interval按照每月 30 天调整时间间隔justify_days(interval '35 days')1 mon 5 days
justify_hours(interval) interval按照每天 24 小时调整时间间隔justify_hours(interval '27 hours')1 day 03:00:00
justify_interval(interval) interval使用justify_daysjustify_hours调整时间间隔的同时进行正负号调整justify_interval(interval '1 mon -1 hour')29 days 23:00:00
localtime time当日时间;   
localtimestamp timestamp当前事务开始时的时间戳;   
make_date(year int, month int, day int) date 为年、月和日字段创建日期 make_date(2013, 7, 15)2013-07-15
make_interval(years int DEFAULT 0, months int DEFAULT 0, weeks int DEFAULT 0, days int DEFAULT 0, hours int DEFAULT 0, mins int DEFAULT 0, secs double precision DEFAULT 0.0) interval 从年、月、周、天、小时、分钟和秒字段中创建间隔 make_interval(days := 10)10 days
make_time(hour int, min int, sec double precision) time 从小时、分钟和秒字段中创建时间 make_time(8, 15, 23.5)08:15:23.5
make_timestamp(year int, month int, day int, hour int, min int, sec double precision) timestamp 从年、月、日、小时、分钟和秒字段中创建时间戳 make_timestamp(2013, 7, 15, 8, 15, 23.5)2013-07-15 08:15:23.5
make_timestamptz(year int, month int, day int, hour int, min int, sec double precision, [ timezone text ]) timestamp with time zone 从年、月、日、小时、分钟和秒字段中创建带有时区的时间戳。 没有指定timezone时,使用当前的时区。 make_timestamptz(2013, 7, 15, 8, 15, 23.5)2013-07-15 08:15:23.5+01
now() timestamp with time zone当前事务开始时的时间戳;   
statement_timestamp() timestamp with time zone实时时钟的当前时间戳;   
timeofday() textclock_timestamp相同,但结果是一个text 字符串;   
transaction_timestamp() timestamp with time zone当前事务开始时的时间戳;   

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